Project Description
COSMIN Tools
Our tools help you improve the selection of the most appropriate outcome measurement instruments in research and in clinical practice.
Search Filters
Identify all relevant studies in PubMed and Embase on measurement properties effectively with our search filters.
Studies on measurement properties are sometimes difficult to find in PubMed or other databases due to poor indexing, large variation in terminology, and poor reporting of measurement properties. Therefore we developed two search filters for finding studies on measurement properties in PubMed:
- One highly sensitive search filter for finding studies on measurement properties. This filter has a sensitivity of 97.4% and a precision of 4.4%.
- One more precise search filter which needs less abstracts to be screened, but at a higher risk of missing relevant studies. This filter has a sensitivity of 93.1% and a precision of 9.4%.
Search filter publication:
Terwee CB, Jansma EP, Riphagen II, de Vet HC. Development of a methodological PubMed search filter for finding studies on measurement properties of measurement instruments. Qual Life Res. 2009 Oct;18(8):1115-23. doi: 10.1007/s11136-009-9528-5.
PubMed filter
Finding studies on measurement properties
Sensitive search filter
Version 2
July 2, 2009
C.B. Terwee2, E.P. Jansma1, I. Riphagen1, H.C.W. De Vet2.
1VU University, Medical Library
2VU University Medical Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research www.emgo.nl
Contact: Caroline Terwee: cb.terwee@vumc.nl
Performance of the filter
Sensitivity: 97,4%
Precision: 4,4%
Strategy for using the filter
#1 construct search
#2 population search
#3 instrument search
#4 #1 AND #2 AND #3 AND measurement properties filter
#5 #4 NOT exclusion filter
The construct search should be defined by the user. It includes search terms for the construct to be measured. For example: quality of life, physical activity, etc.
The population search should also be defined by the user. It includes search terms for the population of interest. For example: children, diabetes, etc.
The instrument search should also be defined by the user. It includes search terms for the instruments of interest. For example: questionnaires, performance-based tests, etc.
These searches should then be combined with the search filter for measurement properties to find all studies on the measurement properties of the instruments of interest that measure the construct of interest in the population of interest. This should be done by replacing the term measurement properties filter above by all terms of the measurement properties filter (copy the entire filter exactly at this place).
The exclusion filter is meant to remove irrelevant records from the search, such as case reports and animal studies. Again, this should be done by replacing the term exclusion filter above by all terms of the exclusion filter (copy the entire filter exactly at this place).
Just copy and paste all the terms of the filters into the Pubmed search box.
Measurement properties filter:
(instrumentation[sh] OR methods[sh] OR “Validation Studies”[pt] OR “Comparative Study”[pt] OR “psychometrics”[MeSH] OR psychometr*[tiab] OR clinimetr*[tw] OR clinometr*[tw] OR “outcome assessment (health care)”[MeSH] OR “outcome assessment”[tiab] OR “outcome measure*”[tw] OR “observer variation”[MeSH] OR “observer variation”[tiab] OR “Health Status Indicators”[Mesh] OR “reproducibility of results”[MeSH] OR reproducib*[tiab] OR “discriminant analysis”[MeSH] OR reliab*[tiab] OR unreliab*[tiab] OR valid*[tiab] OR “coefficient of variation”[tiab] OR coefficient[tiab] OR homogeneity[tiab] OR homogeneous[tiab] OR “internal consistency”[tiab] OR (cronbach*[tiab] AND (alpha[tiab] OR alphas[tiab])) OR (item[tiab] AND (correlation*[tiab] OR selection*[tiab] OR reduction*[tiab])) OR agreement[tw] OR precision[tw] OR imprecision[tw] OR “precise values”[tw] OR test-retest[tiab] OR (test[tiab] AND retest[tiab]) OR (reliab*[tiab] AND (test[tiab] OR retest[tiab])) OR stability[tiab] OR interrater[tiab] OR inter-rater[tiab] OR intrarater[tiab] OR intra-rater[tiab] OR intertester[tiab] OR inter-tester[tiab] OR intratester[tiab] OR intra-tester[tiab] OR interobserver[tiab] OR inter-observer[tiab] OR intraobserver[tiab] OR intra-observer[tiab] OR intertechnician[tiab] OR inter-technician[tiab] OR intratechnician[tiab] OR intra-technician[tiab] OR interexaminer[tiab] OR inter-examiner[tiab] OR intraexaminer[tiab] OR intra-examiner[tiab] OR interassay[tiab] OR inter-assay[tiab] OR intraassay[tiab] OR intra-assay[tiab] OR interindividual[tiab] OR inter-individual[tiab] OR intraindividual[tiab] OR intra-individual[tiab] OR interparticipant[tiab] OR inter-participant[tiab] OR intraparticipant[tiab] OR intra-participant[tiab] OR kappa[tiab] OR kappa’s[tiab] OR kappas[tiab] OR repeatab*[tw] OR ((replicab*[tw] OR repeated[tw]) AND (measure[tw] OR measures[tw] OR findings[tw] OR result[tw] OR results[tw] OR test[tw] OR tests[tw])) OR generaliza*[tiab] OR generalisa*[tiab] OR concordance[tiab] OR (intraclass[tiab] AND correlation*[tiab]) OR discriminative[tiab] OR “known group”[tiab] OR “factor analysis”[tiab] OR “factor analyses”[tiab] OR “factor structure”[tiab] OR “factor structures”[tiab] OR dimension*[tiab] OR subscale*[tiab] OR (multitrait[tiab] AND scaling[tiab] AND (analysis[tiab] OR analyses[tiab])) OR “item discriminant”[tiab] OR “interscale correlation*”[tiab] OR error[tiab] OR errors[tiab] OR “individual variability”[tiab] OR “interval variability”[tiab] OR “rate variability”[tiab] OR (variability[tiab] AND (analysis[tiab] OR values[tiab])) OR (uncertainty[tiab] AND (measurement[tiab] OR measuring[tiab])) OR “standard error of measurement”[tiab] OR sensitiv*[tiab] OR responsive*[tiab] OR (limit[tiab] AND detection[tiab]) OR “minimal detectable concentration”[tiab] OR interpretab*[tiab] OR ((minimal[tiab] OR minimally[tiab] OR clinical[tiab] OR clinically[tiab]) AND (important[tiab] OR significant[tiab] OR detectable[tiab]) AND (change[tiab] OR difference[tiab])) OR (small*[tiab] AND (real[tiab] OR detectable[tiab]) AND (change[tiab] OR difference[tiab])) OR “meaningful change”[tiab] OR “ceiling effect”[tiab] OR “floor effect”[tiab] OR “Item response model”[tiab] OR IRT[tiab] OR Rasch[tiab] OR “Differential item functioning”[tiab] OR DIF[tiab] OR “computer adaptive testing”[tiab] OR “item bank”[tiab] OR “cross-cultural equivalence”[tiab])
Exclusion filter
(“addresses”[Publication Type] OR “biography”[Publication Type] OR “case reports”[Publication Type] OR “comment”[Publication Type] OR “directory”[Publication Type] OR “editorial”[Publication Type] OR “festschrift”[Publication Type] OR “interview”[Publication Type] OR “lectures”[Publication Type] OR “legal cases”[Publication Type] OR “legislation”[Publication Type] OR “letter”[Publication Type] OR “news”[Publication Type] OR “newspaper article”[Publication Type] OR “patient education handout”[Publication Type] OR “popular works”[Publication Type] OR “congresses”[Publication Type] OR “consensus development conference”[Publication Type] OR “consensus development conference, nih”[Publication Type] OR “practice guideline”[Publication Type]) NOT (“animals”[MeSH Terms] NOT “humans”[MeSH Terms])
Translations for other databases
It should be noted that the following translated filters have not been validated. If researchers make a new translation and are willing to share their translation, please let us know.
EMBASE
A translation of this filter was made for EMBASE.
EMBASE filter
Search filter for finding studies on measurement properties in EMBASE.com
Developed by E. P. Jansma, Medical Library, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
This search filter is a translation of a validated search filter for finding studies on measurement
properties for PubMed, which has been published in Quality of Life Research. Please refer to this
article when using this filter:
Terwee CB, Jansma EP, Riphagen II, de Vet HCW. Development of a methodological PubMed search
filter for finding studies on measurement properties of measurement instruments. Qual Life Res
2009;18:1115-1123.
FILTER
‘intermethod comparison’/exp OR ‘data collection method’/exp OR ‘validation study’/exp OR
‘feasibility study’/exp OR ‘pilot study’/exp OR ‘psychometry’/exp OR ‘reproducibility’/exp OR
reproducib*:ab,ti OR ‘audit’:ab,ti OR psychometr*:ab,ti OR clinimetr*:ab,ti OR clinometr*:ab,ti OR
‘observer variation’/exp OR ‘observer variation’:ab,ti OR ‘discriminant analysis’/exp OR ‘validity’/exp
OR reliab*:ab,ti OR valid*:ab,ti OR ‘coefficient’:ab,ti OR ‘internal consistency’:ab,ti OR
(cronbach*:ab,ti AND (‘alpha’:ab,ti OR ‘alphas’:ab,ti)) OR ‘item correlation’:ab,ti OR ‘item
correlations’:ab,ti OR ‘item selection’:ab,ti OR ‘item selections’:ab,ti OR ‘item reduction’:ab,ti OR
‘item reductions’:ab,ti OR ‘agreement’:ab,ti OR ‘precision’:ab,ti OR ‘imprecision’:ab,ti OR ‘precise
values’:ab,ti OR ‘test-retest’:ab,ti OR (‘test’:ab,ti AND ‘retest’:ab,ti) OR (reliab*:ab,ti AND (‘test’:ab,ti
OR ‘retest’:ab,ti)) OR ‘stability’:ab,ti OR ‘interrater’:ab,ti OR ‘inter-rater’:ab,ti OR ‘intrarater’:ab,ti OR
‘intra-rater’:ab,ti OR ‘intertester’:ab,ti OR ‘inter-tester’:ab,ti OR ‘intratester’:ab,ti OR ‘intratester’:ab,ti
OR ‘interobeserver’:ab,ti OR ‘inter-observer’:ab,ti OR ‘intraobserver’:ab,ti OR ‘intraobserver’:ab,ti
OR ‘intertechnician’:ab,ti OR ‘inter-technician’:ab,ti OR ‘intratechnician’:ab,ti OR ‘intratechnician’:ab,ti
OR ‘interexaminer’:ab,ti OR ‘inter-examiner’:ab,ti OR ‘intraexaminer’:ab,ti OR ‘intraexaminer’:ab,ti
OR ‘interassay’:ab,ti OR ‘inter-assay’:ab,ti OR ‘intraassay’:ab,ti OR ‘intra-assay’:ab,ti
OR ‘interindividual’:ab,ti OR ‘inter-individual’:ab,ti OR ‘intraindividual’:ab,ti OR ‘intra-individual’:ab,ti
OR ‘interparticipant’:ab,ti OR ‘inter-participant’:ab,ti OR ‘intraparticipant’:ab,ti OR ‘intraparticipant’:ab,ti
OR ‘kappa’:ab,ti OR ‘kappas’:ab,ti OR ‘coefficient of variation’:ab,ti OR
repeatab*:ab,ti OR (replicab*:ab,ti OR ‘repeated’:ab,ti AND (‘measure’:ab,ti OR ‘measures’:ab,ti OR
‘findings’:ab,ti OR ‘result’:ab,ti OR ‘results’:ab,ti OR ‘test’:ab,ti OR ‘tests’:ab,ti)) OR generaliza*:ab,ti
OR generalisa*:ab,ti OR ‘concordance’:ab,ti OR (‘intraclass’:ab,ti AND correlation*:ab,ti) OR
‘discriminative’:ab,ti OR ‘known group’:ab,ti OR ‘factor analysis’:ab,ti OR ‘factor analyses’:ab,ti OR
‘factor structure’:ab,ti OR ‘factor structures’:ab,ti OR ‘dimensionality’:ab,ti OR subscale*:ab,ti OR
‘multitrait scaling analysis’:ab,ti OR ‘multitrait scaling analyses’:ab,ti OR ‘item discriminant’:ab,ti OR
‘interscale correlation’:ab,ti OR ‘interscale correlations’:ab,ti OR (‘error’:ab,ti OR ‘errors’:ab,ti AND
(measure*:ab,ti OR correlat*:ab,ti OR evaluat*:ab,ti OR ‘accuracy’:ab,ti OR ‘accurate’:ab,ti OR
‘precision’:ab,ti OR ‘mean’:ab,ti)) OR ‘individual variability’:ab,ti OR ‘interval variability’:ab,ti OR ‘rate
variability’:ab,ti OR ‘variability analysis’:ab,ti OR (‘uncertainty’:ab,ti AND (‘measurement’:ab,ti OR
‘measuring’:ab,ti)) OR ‘standard error of measurement’:ab,ti OR sensitiv*:ab,ti OR responsive*:ab,ti
OR (‘limit’:ab,ti AND ‘detection’:ab,ti) OR ‘minimal detectable concentration’:ab,ti OR
interpretab*:ab,ti OR (small*:ab,ti AND (‘real’:ab,ti OR ‘detectable’:ab,ti) AND (‘change’:ab,ti OR
‘difference’:ab,ti)) OR ‘meaningful change’:ab,ti OR ‘minimal important change’:ab,ti OR ‘minimal
important difference’:ab,ti OR ‘minimally important change’:ab,ti OR ‘minimally important
difference’:ab,ti OR ‘minimal detectable change’:ab,ti OR ‘minimal detectable difference’:ab,ti OR
‘minimally detectable change’:ab,ti OR ‘minimally detectable difference’:ab,ti OR ‘minimal real
change’:ab,ti OR ‘minimal real difference’:ab,ti OR ‘minimally real change’:ab,ti OR ‘minimally real
difference’:ab,ti OR ‘ceiling effect’:ab,ti OR ‘floor effect’:ab,ti OR ‘item response model’:ab,ti OR
‘irt’:ab,ti OR ‘rasch’:ab,ti OR ‘differential item functioning’:ab,ti OR ‘dif’:ab,ti OR ‘computer adaptive
testing’:ab,ti OR ‘item bank’:ab,ti OR ‘cross-cultural equivalence’:ab,ti
CINAHL
Two translations were made for CINAHL. Because we don’t know which one is the most sensitive, we leave it up to the users to decide which filter they want to use.
CINAHL filter
Search filters for finding studies on measurement properties in CINAHL
Two search filters were developed for finding studies on measurement properties in CINAHL. Both
filters are a translation of a validated search filter for finding studies on measurement properties
for PubMed, which has been published in Quality of Life Research. Please refer to this article when
using these filters:
Terwee CB, Jansma EP, Riphagen II, de Vet HCW. Development of a methodological PubMed search
filter for finding studies on measurement properties of measurement instruments. Qual Life Res
2009;18:1115-1123.
Because we don’t know which filter is most sensitive we present both filters and leave it up to the
users to decide which filter they want to use.
FILTER 1
This translation was made by FS van Etten, clinical librarian University Hospital Amsterdam (AMC), and E Verloop, librarian Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences.
(MH “Psychometrics”) or ( TI psychometr* or AB psychometr* ) or ( TI clinimetr* or AB
clinimetr* ) or ( TI clinometr* OR AB clinometr* ) or (MH “Outcome Assessment”) or ( TI
outcome assessment or AB outcome assessment ) or ( TI outcome measure* or AB outcome
measure* ) or (MH “Health Status Indicators”) or (MH “Reproducibility of Results”) or (MH
“Discriminant Analysis”) or ( ( TI reproducib* or AB reproducib* ) or ( TI reliab* or AB reliab* )
or ( TI unreliab* or AB unreliab* ) ) or ( ( TI valid* or AB valid* ) or ( TI coefficient or AB
coefficient ) or ( TI homogeneity or AB homogeneity ) ) or ( TI homogeneous or AB
homogeneous ) or ( TI “coefficient of variation” or AB “coefficient of variation” ) or ( TI “internal
consistency” or AB “internal consistency” ) or (MH “Internal Consistency+”) or (MH
“Reliability+”) or (MH “Measurement Error+”) or (MH “Content Validity+”) or “hypothesis
testing” or “structural validity” or “cross-cultural validity” or (MH “Criterion-Related Validity+”) or
“responsiveness” or “interpretability” or ( TI reliab* or AB reliab* ) and ( (TI test or AB test) OR
(TI retest or AB retest) ) or ( TI stability or AB stability ) or ( TI interrater or AB interrater ) or ( TI
inter-rater or AB inter-rater ) or ( TI intrarater or AB intrarater ) or ( TI intra-rater or AB intrarater
) or ( TI intertester or AB intertester) or (TI inter-tester or AB inter-tester) or ( TI intratester
or AB intratester) or ( TI intra-tester or AB intra-tester) or ( TI interobserver or AB
interobserver) or (TI inter-observer or AB inter-observer ) or ( TI intraobserver or AB
intraobserver) or ( TI intra-observer or AB intra-observer) or ( TI intertechnician or AB
intertechnician) or (TI inter-technician or AB inter-technician) or ( TI intratechnician or AB
intratechnician ) or ( TI intra-technician or AB intra-technician ) or ( TI interexaminer or AB
interexaminer ) or (TI inter-examiner or AB inter-examiner) or (TI intraexaminer or AB
intraexaminer ) OR (TI intra-examiner or AB intra-examiner ) or (TI intra-examiner or AB intraexaminer
) or (TI interassay or AB interassay ) or ( TI inter-assay or AB inter-assay ) or ( TI
intraassay or AB intraassay) or ( TI intra-assay or AB intra-assay ) or (TI interindividual or AB
interindividual) or (TI inter-individual or AB inter-individual) OR (TI intraindividual or AB
intraindividual) or (TI intra-individual or AB intra-individual) or (TI interparticipant or AB
interparticipant) or (TI inter-participant or AB inter-participant ) or (TI intraparticipant or AB
intraparticipant) or (TI intra-participant or AB intra-participant ) or (TI kappa or AB kappa) or (TI
kappa’s or AB kappa’s ) or (TI kappas or AB kappas) or (TI repeatab* or AB repeatab*) or ( TI
responsive* or AB responsive* ) or ( TI interpretab* or AB interpretab* )
FILTER 2
This translation was made by Inger Abma, RadboudUMC
TI psychometr* OR TI observer variation OR TI reproducib* OR TI reliab* OR TI unreliab* OR TI valid*
OR TI coefficient OR TI homogeneity OR TI homogeneous OR TI “internal consistency” OR AB
psychometr* OR AB observer variation OR AB reproducib* OR AB reliab* OR AB unreliab* OR AB
valid* OR AB coefficient OR AB homogeneity OR AB homogeneous OR AB “internal consistency” OR
(TI cronbach* OR AB cronbach* AND (TI alpha OR AB alpha OR TI alphas OR AB alphas)) OR (TI item
OR AB item AND (TI correlation* OR AB correlation* OR TI selection* OR AB selection* OR TI
reduction* OR AB reduction*)) OR TI agreement OR TI precision OR TI imprecision OR TI “precise
values” OR TI test-retest OR AB agreement OR AB precision OR AB imprecision OR AB “precise
values” OR AB test-retest OR (TI test OR AB test AND TI retest OR AB retest) OR (TI reliab* OR AB
reliab* AND (TI test OR AB test OR TI retest or AB retest)) OR TI stability OR TI interrater OR TI interrater
OR TI intrarater OR TI intra-rater OR TI intertester OR TI inter-tester OR TI intratester OR TI
intra-tester OR TI interobserver OR TI inter-observer OR TI intraobserver OR TI intra-observer OR TI
intertechnician OR TI inter-technician OR TI intratechnician OR TI intra-technician OR TI
interexaminer OR TI inter-examiner OR TI intraexaminer OR TI intra-examiner OR TI interassay OR TI
inter-assay OR TI intraassay OR TI intra-assay OR TI interindividual OR TI inter-individual OR TI
intraindividual OR TI intra-individual OR TI interparticipant OR TI inter-participant OR TI
intraparticipant OR TI intra-participant OR TI kappa OR TI kappa’s OR TI kappas OR TI repeatab* OR
AB stability OR AB interrater OR AB inter-rater OR AB intrarater OR AB intra-rater OR AB intertester
OR AB inter-tester OR AB intratester OR AB intra-tester OR AB interobserver OR AB inter-observer OR
AB intraobserver OR AB intra-observer OR AB intertechnician OR AB inter-technician OR AB
intratechnician OR AB intra-technician OR AB interexaminer OR AB inter-examiner OR AB
intraexaminer OR AB intra-examiner OR AB interassay OR AB inter-assay OR AB intraassay OR AB
intra-assay OR AB interindividual OR AB inter-individual OR AB intraindividual OR AB intra-individual
OR AB interparticipant OR AB inter-participant OR AB intraparticipant OR AB intra-participant OR AB
kappa OR AB kappa’s OR AB kappas OR AB repeatab* OR ((TI replicab* OR AB replicab* OR TI
repeated OR AB repeated) AND (TI measure OR AB measure OR TI measures OR AB measures OR TI
findings OR AB findings OR TI result OR AB result OR TI results OR AB results OR TI test OR AB test OR
TI tests OR AB tests)) OR TI generaliza* OR TI generalisa* OR TI concordance OR AB generaliza* OR
AB generalisa* OR AB concordance OR (TI intraclass OR AB intraclass AND TI correlation* or AB
correlation*) OR TI discriminative OR TI “known group” OR TI factor analysis OR TI factor analyses OR
TI dimension* OR TI subscale* OR AB discriminative OR AB “known group” OR AB factor analysis OR
AB factor analyses OR AB dimension* OR AB subscale* OR (TI multitrait OR AB multitrait AND TI
scaling OR AB scaling AND (TI analysis OR AB analysis OR TI analyses OR AB analyses)) OR TI item
discriminant OR TI interscale correlation* OR TI error OR TI errors OR TI “individual variability” OR AB
item discriminant OR AB interscale correlation* OR AB error OR AB errors OR AB “individual
variability” OR (TI variability OR AB variability AND (TI analysis OR AB analysis OR TI values OR AB
values)) OR (TI uncertainty OR AB uncertainty AND (TI measurement OR AB measurement OR TI
measuring OR AB measuring)) OR TI “standard error of measurement” OR TI sensitiv* OR TI
responsive* OR AB “standard error of measurement” OR AB sensitiv* OR AB responsive* OR ((TI
minimal OR TI minimally OR TI clinical OR TI clinically OR AB minimal OR AB minimally OR AB clinical
OR AB clinically) AND (TI important OR TI significant OR TI detectable OR AB important OR AB
significant OR AB detectable) AND (TI change OR AB change OR TI difference OR AB difference)) OR
(TI small* OR AB small* AND (TI real OR AB real OR TI detectable OR AB detectable) AND (TI change
OR AB change OR TI difference OR AB difference)) OR TI meaningful change OR TI “ceiling effect” OR
TI “floor effect” OR TI “Item response model” OR TI IRT OR TI Rasch OR TI “Differential item
functioning” OR TI DIF OR TI “computer adaptive testing” OR TI “item bank” OR TI “cross-cultural
equivalence” OR TI outcome assessment OR AB meaningful change OR AB “ceiling effect” OR AB
“floor effect” OR AB “Item response model” OR AB IRT OR AB Rasch OR AB “Differential item
functioning” OR AB DIF OR AB “computer adaptive testing” OR AB “item bank” OR AB “cross-cultural
equivalence” OR AB outcome assessment
MEDLINE (OVID)
Another translation was made for MEDLINE using OVID.
OVID filter
Search filter for finding studies on measurement properties for OVID
(Medline)
This translation was made by Alberta University Canada. It has not been validated.
This filter is a translation of a validated search filter for finding studies on
measurement properties for PubMed, which has been published in Quality of Life
Research.
Please refer to this article when using these filters:
Terwee CB, Jansma EP, Riphagen II, de Vet HCW. Development of a methodological
PubMed search filter for finding studies on measurement properties of measurement
instruments. Qual Life Res 2009;18:1115-1123.
FILTER
1. (instrumentation or methods).fs.
2. (Validation Studies or Comparative Study).pt.
3. exp Psychometrics/
4. psychometr*.ti,ab.
5. (clinimetr* or clinometr*).tw.
6. exp “Outcome Assessment (Health Care)”/
7. outcome assessment.ti,ab.
8. outcome measure*.tw.
9. exp Observer Variation/
10. observer variation.ti,ab.
11. exp Health Status Indicators/
12. exp “Reproducibility of Results”/
13. reproducib*.ti,ab.
14. exp Discriminant Analysis/
15. (reliab* or unreliab* or valid* or coefficient or homogeneity or homogeneous or “internal
consistency”).ti,ab.
16. (cronbach* and (alpha or alphas)).ti,ab.
17. (item and (correlation* or selection* or reduction*)).ti,ab.
18. (agreement or precision or imprecision or “precise values” or test-retest).ti,ab.
19. (test and retest).ti,ab.
20. (reliab* and (test or retest)).ti,ab.
21. (stability or interrater or inter-rater or intrarater or intra-rater or intertester or inter-tester
or intratester or intra-tester or interobserver or inter-observer or intraobserver or intraobserver
or intertechnician or inter-technician or intratechnician or intra-technician or
interexaminer or inter-examiner or intraexaminer or intra-examiner or interassay or interassay
or intraassay or intra-assay or interindividual or inter-individual or intraindividual or
intra-individual or interparticipant or inter-participant or intraparticipant or intra-participant
or kappa or kappa’s or kappas or repeatab*).ti,ab.
22. ((replicab* or repeated) and (measure or measures or findings or result or results or test or
tests)).ti,ab.
23. (generaliza* or generalisa* or concordance).ti,ab.
24. (intraclass and correlation*).ti,ab.
25. (discriminative or “known group” or factor analysis or factor analyses or dimension* or
subscale*).ti,ab.
26. (multitrait and scaling and (analysis or analyses)).ti,ab.
27. (item discriminant or interscale correlation* or error or errors or “individual
variability”).ti,ab.
28. (variability and (analysis or values)).ti,ab.
29. (uncertainty and (measurement or measuring)).ti,ab.
30. (“standard error of measurement” or sensitiv* or responsive*).ti,ab.
31. ((minimal or minimally or clinical or clinically) and (important or significant or detectable)
and (change or difference)).ti,ab.
32. (small* and (real or detectable) and (change or difference)).ti,ab.
33. (meaningful change or “ceiling effect” or “floor effect” or “Item response model” or IRT or
Rasch or “Differential item functioning” or DIF or “computer adaptive testing” or “item bank”
or “cross-cultural equivalence”).ti,ab.
34. 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or
19 or 20 or 21 or 22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27 or 28 or 29 or 30 or 31 or 32 or 33
35. (child* or pediatric* or infan* or neonat* or newborn* or teen* or youth*).mp. [mp=title,
abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading
word, protocol supplementary concept, rare disease supplementary concept, unique identifier]
36. 34 and 35
Search filter for finding Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs)
If the review concerns PROMs, a PROM search filter developed by the University of Oxford can be used for this purpose.
Additional sources for search blocks can be found on the website blocks.bmi-online.nl, compiled by a group of Dutch medical information specialist, or on the website of the InterTASC Information Specialists’ Sub-Group (ISSG) . These building blocks are intended for use when performing complex search strategies in medical and health bibliographic databases, like PubMed, EMBASE, PsycInfo, Web of Scienceand others.